神山天文台研究プロジェクト

古典新星(Classical Nova)の分光観測研究
~新星爆発の謎を追う~

時折、夜空の一角に突然、明るい星が出現することがあります。そのような天体は、多くの場合、恒星の爆発現象です。なかでも新星と呼ばれる特殊な星の爆発は、私たちの太陽系の起源や銀河系の歴史・進化にも関係しており、多くの謎を秘めています。神山天文台では、この新星の謎を追いかけています。

研究プロジェクトの紹介

神山天文台では2010年の設置以来、様々な観測研究、開発研究を行ってきました。その中でも、「古典新星の観測的研究」は、天文台設置直後から口径1.3m荒木望遠鏡を用い、独自の開発装置を駆使して行ってきた重要テーマのひとつです。

古典新星は(以下、単に「新星」)、激変星(Cataclysmic Variable: CV)と呼ばれる特殊な連星系における変光現象の一種であり、白色矮星(White dwarf : WD)と主系列の(あるいは進化の進んだ)恒星から成る近接連星系における、爆発的な質量放出を伴った増光現象です。これは、伴星から白色矮星表面に降り積もったガスが、白色矮星表面において急激な核融合反応である「熱核暴走反応 (Thermo-Nuclear Runaway: TNR)」を起こすことによって生じます。白色矮星表面のガスが吹き飛んでしまった後、白色矮星表面には再び伴星からのガスが降り積もり、爆発が繰り返すと考えられています(こうした進化の果てに、Ia型超新星が誕生するのではないかとも考えられています)。

神山天文台では、様々な望遠鏡および観測装置を用いて新星を観測し、その本質に迫る研究を継続しており、国内唯一の新星観測研究拠点として、海外とも共同し多くの科学的成果を創出しています。

研究テーマ

新星爆発における元素合成プロセスの解明

新星における分子生成・ダスト生成の解明

新星爆発の多様性解明

新星爆発の運動・幾何学

世界規模の可視光・分光観測ネットワーク構築

関連出版論文リスト

  1. Naito Hiroyuki, Tajitsu Akito, Ribeiro Valério A. R. M., Arai Akira, Maehara Hiroyuki, Kouzuma Shinjirou, Iijima Takashi, Okazaki Atsuo T., Watanabe Makoto, Takagi Seiko, Watanabe Fumitake, Sakon Itsuki, Sadakane Kozo (2022), "Morpho-kinematic Modeling of the Expanding Ejecta of the Extremely Slow Nova V1280 Scorpii", The Astrophysical Journal, 932, 39(12pp), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac6c82, arXiv:2205.02266
  2. Arai, Tajitsu, Kawakita, & Shinnaka (2021), "Detection of 7Be II in the Classical Nova V5669 Sgr (Nova Sagittarii 2015 No. 3)", The Astrophysical Journal, 916, 44 (11pp), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac00bf
  3. Fujii, Arai, & Kawakita (2021), "Transient Formation of C2 and CN in the Near-Maximum Phase of Nova Cas 2020 (= V1391 Cas)", The Astrophysical Journal, 907, 70 (4pp), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd02e
  4. Adhyaqsa, Istiqomah, Ramadhan, Imaduddin, Malasan, Arai, & Kawakita (2019), "Optical spectroscopy of nova ASASSN-17hx at Bosscha Observatory", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1231, 012006, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1231/1/012006 
  5. Kawakita, Shinnaka, Arai, Arasaki, & Ikeda (2019), "High-resolution Optical Spectropolarimetry of Nova V339 Del: Spatial Distribution of Nova Ejecta during the EarlyPhase of Explosion", The Astrophysical Journal, 872, 120 (11pp), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaff68
  6. Arai, Kawakita, Raj, Lee, Anupama, Kondo, Ikeda, Kobayashi, Hamano, Sameshima, Fukue, Matsunaga, Yasui, Izumi, Mizumoto, Otsubo, Takenaka, Watase, Kawanishi, NakanishiNakaoka (2018), "Optical and Near-infrared High-resolution Spectroscopic Observations of Nova V2659 Cyg: Structure of Nova Ejecta and Origin of Two-distinct Velocity Systems", in proceedings of "The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects IV", 11-16 September, 2017 (Palermo, Itary), https://pos.sissa.it/315/053/
  7. Kawakita, & Arai (2018), "A Review of the Evolution of Classical Nova V2676 Oph: Formation of Molecules and Dust Grains", in proceedings of "The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects IV", 11-16 September, 2017 (Palermo, Itary), https://pos.sissa.it/315/064/
  8. Henze Darnley, Williams, Kato, Hachisu, Anupama, Arai, Boyd, Burke, Chinetti, Ciardullo, Cook, Cook, Erdman, Gao, Harris, Hartmann, Hornoch, J.Chuck Horst, Hounsell, Husar, Itagaki, Kabashima, Kafka, Kaur, Kiyota, Kojiguchi, Kučáková, Kuramoto, Maehara, Mantero, Masci, Matsumoto, Naito, Ness, Nishiyama, Oksanen, Osborne, Page, Paunzen, Pavana, Pickard, Prieto-Arranz, Rodríguez-Gil, Sala, Sano, Shafter, Sugiura, Tan, Tordai, Vraštil, Wagner, Watanabe, Williams, Bode, Bruno, Buchheim, Crawford, Goff, Hernanz, Igarashi, José, Motta, O'Brien, Oswalt, Poyner, Ribeiro, Sabo, Shara, Shears, Starkey, Starrfield, Woodward (2018), "Breaking the Habit: The Peculiar 2016 Eruption of the Unique Recurrent Nova M31N 2008-12a", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 857, 68, DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab6a6
  9. Kawakita, Ootsubo, Arai, Shinnaka, Nagashima (2017), "Mid-infrared Spectroscopic Observations of the Dust-forming Classical Nova V2676 Oph", Astronomical Journal, 153, 74, DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/74
  10. Muztaba, Malasan, Arai (2017), "The spectral evolution of nebular phase from Nova V5668 Sgr", Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 771, Number 1, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/771/1/012054
  11. Malasan Jihad, Muztaba, Andika, Puspitaningrum, Arai, Kawakita, & Yamamuro (2016), "Neo-R1000: A Fast And Efficient Compact Spectrograph For Emission Line Objects Study At Bosscha Observatory", Indonesian Journal of Physics, Volume 27, No. 1, 1, DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2016.27.1.1
  12. Kawakita, Arai, Fujii (2016), “The evolution of photospheric temperature in nova V2676 Oph toward the formation of C2 and CN during its near-maximum phase”, Publication of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 68, 87, DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psw079
  13. Darnley, Henze, Bode, Hachisu, Hernanz, Hornoch, Hounsell, Kato, Ness, Osborne, Page, Ribeiro, Rodríguez-Gil, Shafter, Shara, Steele, Williams, Arai, Arcavi, Barsukova, Boumis, Chen, Fabrika, Figueira, Gao, Gehrels, Godon, Goranskij, Harman, Hartmann, Hosseinzadeh, Chuck Horst, Itagaki, José, Kabashima, Kaur, Kawai, Kennea, Kiyota, Kučáková, Lau, Maehara, Naito, Nakajima, Nishiyama, O'Brien, Quimby, Sala, Sano, Sion, Valeev, Watanabe, Watanabe, Williams, & Xu (2016), "M31N 2008-12a - The Remarkable Recurrent Nova in M31: Panchromatic Observations of the 2015 Eruption", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 833, 149, DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/149
  14. Arai, Kawakita, Shinnaka, & Tajitsu (2016), "Origins of Absorption Systems of Classical Nova V2659 Cyg (= Nova Cyg 2014)", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 830, 30, DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/30
  15. Tajitsu, Sadakane, Naito, Arai, Kawakita, & Aoki (2016), "The 7Be II Resonance Lines in Two Classical Novae V5668 Sgr and V2944 Oph", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 818, 191, DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/191
  16. Sakon, Sako, Onaka, Nozawa, Kimura, Fujiyoshi, Shimonishi, Usui, Takahashi, Ohsawa, Arai, Uemura, Nagayama, Koo, & Kozasa (2016), "Concurrent Formation of Carbon and Silicate Dust in Nova V1280 Sco", The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 817, 145, DOI: 10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/145
  17. Kawakita, Arai, & Fujii (2015), "Molecular Formation in Classical Novae:The Case of V2676 Oph", EAS Publications Series, Volume 71-72, 147, DOI: 10.1051/eas/1571031
  18. Tajitsu, Sadakane, Naito, Arai, & Aoki (2015), “Explosive lithium production in the classical nova V339 Del (Nova Delphini 2013)”, Nature, 513, 381, DOI: 10.1038/nature14161
  19. Kawakita, Fujii, Nagashima, Kajikawa, Kubo, & Arai (2015), “Formation of C2 and CN in nova V2676 Oph around its visual brightness maximum”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 67, No. 2, 17, DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psu150
  20. Arai, Isogai, Yamanaka, Akitaya, Uemura (2015), “Optical Low Resolution Spectroscopic Observations of T Pyx during the Early Phase of 2011 Outburst”, Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol.2, No.1, 257 6, DOI: 10.14311/APP.2015.02.0257
  21. Kajikawa, Arai, Nagashima, Kawakita, Yamanaka, Kawabata, & Kiyota (2015), “Line Evolution of the Nova V5587 Sgr from Early to Nebular Phase”, Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol.2, No.1, 242, DOI: 10.14311/APP.2015.02.0242
  22. Kajikawa, Nagashima, Kawakita, Arai, Ikeda, Isogai, Fujii, & Ayani (2015), “Spectroscopic Monitoring Observations of Nova V1724 Aql in 2012”, Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol.2, No.1, 2388, DOI: 10.14311/APP.2015.02.0238
  23. Nagashima, Arai, Kajikawa, Kawakita, Kitao, Arasaki, Taguchi, & Ikeda (2015), “Detection of Diatomic Molecules in the Dust Forming Nova V2676 Oph”, Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings, Vol.2, No.1, 212, DOI: 10.14311/APP.2015.02.0212
  24. Nagashima, Arai, Kajikawa, Kawakita, Kitao, Arasaki, Taguchi, & Ikeda (2014), “The Transient Molecular Envelope in the Outflow of the Nova V2676 Oph during Its Early Phase”, Astrophys.Journal Letters, Volume 780, L26, DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/780/2/L26
  25. Natio, Tajitsu, Arai, & Sadakane (2013), "Discovery of Metastable Helium Absorption Lines in V1280 Scorpii", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol.65, No.2, 37, DOI: 10.1093/pasj/65.2.37
  26. Naito, Mizoguchi, Arai, Tajitsu, Narusawa, Yamanaka, Fujii, Iijima, Kinugasa, Kurita, Nagayama, Yamaoka, & Sadakane (2012), "Five-year optical and near-infrared observations of the extremely slow nova V1280 Scorpii",Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 543, 86, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201118315
  27. Arai, Isogai, Imamura, Ikeda, Arasaki, Kitao, Taguchi (2011), “Spectral Features of KT Eri in its Nebular Phase”, in proc. of IAU Symp. 281 (2011), 119, DOI: 10.1017/S1743921312014809
  28. Nagashima, Arai, Isogai, Arasaki, Kitao, Taguchi, Ikeda, Kawakita, Yamanaka, Itoh, Sasada, Okushima, Uemura, Kawabata, Worters, & Smits (2011), “Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of Classical Nova V1723 Aql”, in proc. of IAU Symp. 281 (2011), 121, DOI: 10.1017/S1743921312014810
  29. Yamanaka, Uemura, Kawabata, Fujii, Tanabe, Imamura, Komatsu, Arai, Sasada, Itoh, Harao, Kunitomi, Nagae, Nose, Ohsugi, Okushima, Sakimoto, & Yoshida (2010), "Early Spectroscopy of the 2010 Outburst of U Scorpii", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol.62, No.5, L37, DOI: 10.1093/pasj/62.5.L37
  30. Arai, Uemura, Kawabata, Maehara, Nakajima, Kiyota, Kato, Ohsugi, Yamashita, Isogai, Ngae, Chiyonobu, Fukazawa, Mizuno, Katagiri, Takahashi, Okita, Yoshida, Yanagisawa, Sato, Kino, Kitagawa, & Sadakane (2010), "Optical and Near-Infrared Photometry of Nova V2362 Cyg: Rebrightening Event and Dust Formation", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol.62, No.4, 1103, DOI: 10.1093/pasj/62.4.1103
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